by和with的用法區(qū)別：
一、with 作為介詞有很多中意思，而且主要用于主動(dòng)句中，例如：
1、和…在一起，和，同
Gabriel came with her elder sister to the inauguration ceremony.加布里埃爾和她姐姐一起參加了就職典禮。
He entered the classroom with the good news.他帶著這個(gè)好消息走進(jìn)教室。
2、有，具有，帶有
She bought a white blouse with black stripes.她買了一件黑色條紋的白襯衫。
He looked at her with a hurt expression.
他帶著受傷害的神情看著她。
3、用，使用，以，借
Be careful with this knife when cutting onions.切洋蔥時(shí)小心這把刀。
Please fill this bowl with salt water before youleave.離開前請(qǐng)把這碗水加滿鹽水。
4、與…對(duì)立，反對(duì)
He often has fights with his siblings.他經(jīng)常和他的兄弟姐妹吵架。
I had an argument with my boss.
我跟老板吵了一架。
5、表明手段、原因或行動(dòng)
The angry neighbour hit the barking dog with a stick.憤怒的鄰居用棍子打那只吠叫的狗。
He blushed with excitement after seeing her.他見到她后激動(dòng)得臉紅。
二、by 作為介詞也有很多意思，而且主要用于被動(dòng)語句中，例如：
1、靠近，在…旁邊
Elizabeth was standing by the window when Darcy rushed tomeet her.伊麗莎白正站在窗前，達(dá)西沖過去迎接她。
She expected him to stand by her in all good and bad times.她希望他在一切好的和壞的時(shí)候都支持她。
2、表示方式
She learnt Hindi just by watching Bollywood films.她只是通過看寶萊塢電影來學(xué)習(xí)印地語。
The new flu can be prevented by drinking boiled water喝開水可以預(yù)防新流感。
解析：在表示方式時(shí)，by 后面常跟動(dòng)詞，而 with 后面常跟名詞。
3、表示程度、數(shù)量
He missed the opportunity by few seconds.他差幾秒鐘就錯(cuò)過了機(jī)會(huì)。
House prices went up by 10%.
房價(jià)上漲了10%。
在被動(dòng)句中，by 是一個(gè)必要的介詞，它指示執(zhí)行動(dòng)作的動(dòng)因。
三、兩者的區(qū)別
with 大體上描述被陪同或伴有的對(duì)象，而 by 大體上描述動(dòng)因或行動(dòng)手段，而且在從屬句中 with 后面經(jīng)常跟名詞，而 by 后面經(jīng)常跟動(dòng)詞。