Step 1 Brainstorming
Boys and girls, in this section you will learn some words and phrases that meant ‘to stop bad habits’, and some abbreviations. You will also read two passages about these two topics and after that you will be able to learn how to talk about stopping bad habits and the different types of abbreviations as well as how to pronounce these abbreviations.
T: In Welcome to the unit, we discussed what habits are bad habits. Can you remember any examples of bad habits?
S: Yes! For examples, watching too much TV or staring at a computer screen for too long; smoking; spitting in the street; drinking too much fizzy drinks and eating too much deep-fried food, etc.
T: You have a good memory! Then what can we do to stop these bad habits?
S: …
(Get the students to discuss in groups and then collect their answers.)
T: If we do not use the verb ‘stop’ before bad habits, what other verbs or verb phrases can we use instead of it? Let’s read the instructions of Part A on page 38 to have a look.
Step 2 Vocabulary learning
1. Read the passage and try to find out the bad habits that Daniel has. Identify the verbs and the verb phrases that have the same meaning as the verb ‘stop’. Underline them while reading.
The bad habits that Daniel has:
Eating food containing too much sugar;
Eating snacks late at nigh;
Sleeping until noon at the weekend;
Going to fast food restaurants and eating too much junk food;
Drinking too many soft drinks
The verbs or verb phrases that mean ‘to stop ’(a bad habit):
Stay away from; Get out of the habit; Keep way from;
Break the habit; Quit; Give up
The synonyms for stopping bad habits can be divided into different groups.
Stay away from and keep away from can be used interchangeably and are followed by a person, place or object. For example: stay away form Internet cafes or keep away from those naughty children.
Give up can be followed by either a noun, for example, give up cigarettes, or the –ing form of a verb: give up smoking.
Get out of the habit and break the habit are also interchangeable and can be followed by of or the –ing form of a verb. For example, get out the habit of drinking wine every night or break the habit of going to bed too late.
Stop and quit can be used interchangeably and are always followed by a verb –ing form: stop eating sweets or quit talking on the phone so much. All these synonyms for stopping bad habits are generally used in colloquial language.
2. After reading the guidelines and listening to my explanations, I am sure you can finish Part B individually. Try to use as many words and phrases that can be used.
Answers:
(1) Get out of the habit/ Break the habit
(2) Stay away from/ Keep away from/ Give up
(3) Stop/ Quit
(4) Get out of the habit/ Break the habit
Step 3 Vocabulary extension
Now let’s look at some special words on the blackboard:
TV, CD, AIDS, HIV, SOS, UN, USA, CCTV, PRC, .com,…
These words are called abbreviations. They can be read letter by letter, and sometimes they can be read as words.
Read the article in Part A on page 39 and find out how many kinds of abbreviations are given in this article and the differences between these types.
(Write the following on the blackboard)
Types of abbreviations:
Acronym: a pronounceable abbreviation
Initialism: an abbreviation pronounced letter by letter
General abbreviation: a shortened form of a very familiar word
Now come to part B to complete the category. Raise any questions you have while doing it.
Answers:
General abbreviations: info eve memo
Acronyms: UNESCO NASA scuba
Initialisms: CD HTML CCTV
Step 4: Reading
Words: 347 times: 5'30''
I really love my job because I enjoy working with small children and like the challenges and awards from the job．I also think my work is important．There was a time when I thought I would never have that sort of career．
I wasn’t an excellent student because I didn’t do much schoolwork．In my final term I started thinking what I might do and found I didn’t have much to offer．I just accepted that I wasn’t the type to have a career．
I then found myself a job, looking after two little girls．It wasn’t too bad at first．But the problems began when I agreed to live in, so that I would be there if my boss had to go out for business in the evening．We agreed that if I had to work extra hours one week, she’d give me time off the next．But unfortunately, it didn’t often work out．I was getting extremely tired and fed up, because I had too many late nights and early mornings with the children．
One Sunday, I was in the park with the children, and met Megan who used to go to school with me．I told her about my situation．She suggested that I should do a course and get a qualification（資格證書） if I wanted to work with children．I didn’t think I would be accepted because I didn’t take many exams in school．She persuaded me to phone the local college and they were really helpful．My experience counted for a lot and I got on a part-time course．I had to leave my job with the family, and got work helping out at a kindergarten．
Now I have got a full-time job there．I shall always be thankful to Megan．I wish I had known earlier that you could have a career, even if you are not top of the class at school．
56．What is the author’s present job?
A．Working part-time in a college． B．Taking care of children for a family．
C．Helping children with their schoolwork． D．Looking after children at a kindergarten．
57．When staying with the two girls’ family, the author_______．
A．was paid for extra work B．often worked long hours
C．got much help from her boss D．took a day off every other week
58．Why did the author leave her first job?
A．She found a full-time job．
B．She was fed up with children．
C．She decided to attend a part-time course．
D．She needed a rest after working extra hours．
59．What has the author learned from her own experiences?
A．Less successful students can still have a career．
B．Qualifications are necessary for a career．
C．Hard work makes an excellent student．
D．One must choose the job she likes．
Answers:
1.D 2. B 3. C 4. A
Step 6 Homework
1 Parts B1and B2 on page 115 of the Workbook.
2 Prepare the Part Grammar and Usage