班級(jí) 姓名 學(xué)號(hào) 等第
Language Points of Reading Unit one Module 9
Learning aims:
1. To learn some difficult sentence patterns;
2. To learn some useful expressions.
Learning procedures:
I.Read the text and answer the following questions:
1) What are the cities mentioned in the passage?
Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Edmonton
2) What is the writer’s purpose describing the cities ?
To invite the readers to visit Canada.
3) The author mentioned the following except _____ about Canada.
area, resources, cities, history, population, language, economy, education, transport, geography, lifestyle, culture, area
II. Difficult sentences to analyze:
1.Canada has vast areas of wilderness, from the Arctic north, where average winter temperatures are usually minus 20 degrees centigrade, to the 8,892-kilometer-long border with the USA in the south, which is said to be the longest border in the world not defended by an army or the police.
1).此句中以where引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾the Arctic north。Which引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾的是border_，not defended by an army or the police作_定語(yǔ)_，修飾border
2).判斷下列句中Where引導(dǎo)的從句各屬于哪類從句。
(1) That is where you are mistaken._表語(yǔ)從句
(2) I have no idea where all this will lead._同位語(yǔ)從句
(3) You ‘d better make a mark where you have any questions.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句
2.For those who love outdoor activities, it is possible to hike, sail, cross-country ski or travel by snowmobile for hours or even days --- without meeting another person.
句中who引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾，without meeting another person在句中作_方式狀語(yǔ).
同義句轉(zhuǎn)換
It is possible for those who love outdoor activities to hike, sail, cross-country ski or travel by snowmobile for hours or even days without meeting another person.
defend:防御；防守；辯護(hù)
1).defend sth from/against…保衛(wèi)……免受……之苦 defend oneself自衛(wèi)
2). defend a title/ champion衛(wèi)冕一項(xiàng)頭銜/冠軍
3). defend sb. from/ against為……辯解
defense n.辯護(hù)，保衛(wèi) defensive adj. ____________
in defense of 為了保衛(wèi)…….，為…….辯護(hù)
Practice:
(1).She had to defend_ herself against the guard dog.（她不得不防備看門的狗咬她）
(2)I’m prepared to defend my ideas.（我準(zhǔn)備好為自己的構(gòu)思辯護(hù)）
(3).They built a bank as a defense against flooding.（他們筑堤作為防洪設(shè)施）
3, Located in the heart of Toronto is the Canadian National Tower, which is often called the CN Tower for short.
此句是個(gè)倒裝句，主語(yǔ)是the Canadian National Tower
1).過(guò)去分詞放在句首，是強(qiáng)調(diào)的需要，這時(shí)句子要倒裝。
Eg.Also said to be under consideration is a performance in Beijing.
歸納拓展：
(1).現(xiàn)在分詞+be+ 主語(yǔ)
Eg.Covering much of the earth’s surface is a blanket of water.
(2). 表語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+ 主語(yǔ)
Eg.Present at the meeting were Professor Smith , Professor Brown and many other famous people.
(3).介詞短語(yǔ)+be+ 主語(yǔ)
Eg. Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles, turkeys and toys.
Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school. ___________ the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni （校友）from home and abroad.(09江蘇)
A. Attend B. To attend C. Attending D. Having attended
2) locate vt.查找……的地點(diǎn)；使……坐落于；位于
be located in =be situated in= lie in 位于
location n.位置 on location 拍攝外景中，拍攝外景的
練練看：
我們?cè)诘貓D上查找這個(gè)島嶼。
We located the island on the map.
我們學(xué)校坐落于市鎮(zhèn)的中心。
Our school is located in the centre of the town.
那山丘是新教堂建筑的好地點(diǎn)。
The hill is a good location for the new church.
4.Rising 553 meters into the sky, it is the tallest tower in the world.
句中Rising…是分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)。V.ing短語(yǔ)在句中可充當(dāng)時(shí)間，原因，伴隨，條件，讓步或結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，但要注意動(dòng)詞-ing結(jié)構(gòu)與邏輯主語(yǔ)在主動(dòng)意義及時(shí)間聯(lián)系上的統(tǒng)一。
現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，主句的主語(yǔ)是分詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，它可以表示時(shí)間，原因，伴隨，條件，讓步或結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)等；而過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，主句的主語(yǔ)是分詞所表示動(dòng)作的承受者。
練練看：
1)由于太冷，他沒(méi)步行那么遠(yuǎn)。
_Being too cold, he couldn’t walk that far.
2)在工廠工作時(shí)，我們從工人那里學(xué)到許多東西。
Working in the factory, we learned much from the workers.
3)一個(gè)女人躺在床上，靜聽(tīng)著疾馳而過(guò)的大風(fēng)。
One woman was lying in bed, listening to the ________ winds.
4)站在高樓上，你能看到整個(gè)城市。
Standing on the building, you can see the whole city.
5)如果給予足夠的時(shí)間，我們能提高我們的工作。
Given enough time, we can improve the work.
6)教授進(jìn)入教室，后面跟著他的助理。
The professor went into the classroom, followed by_ assistants.
7)The murder was brought in, with his hands ________ behind his back.
A. being tied B. have tied C. to be tied D. tied
5. Montreal, a port in the province of Quebec, is the second largest city in Canada, and also the second largest French-speaking city in the world, Paris being the largest.
句中的劃線部分是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)_.在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。
There are old buildings, churches, narrow streets and alleys, all alongside glass and steel and concrete skyscrapers reaching upwards.
此句中的劃線部分也是_獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，作伴隨狀語(yǔ).
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成形式是：名詞/代詞+形容詞/副詞/現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞/不定式/介詞短語(yǔ)/名詞/數(shù)詞等，在句中可作條件狀語(yǔ)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，原因狀語(yǔ)，伴隨狀語(yǔ)等。
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語(yǔ)有時(shí)可轉(zhuǎn)換成狀語(yǔ)從句。有時(shí)還可以在前面加上with,構(gòu)成with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
練練看：
1）The teacher having finished the lesson（老師上完了課）, the students left the classroom.
2)His mother being ill（他母親生病了）, he had to stay at home to look after her.
3)With so much work to do（有這么多的工作要做）, the workers had to work extra time at the weekend.
4)Weather permitting（天氣允許的話）, we’ll go out.
5)Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _________, we refused his offer.
A. not finishing B. had not been finished
C. not having finished D. not finished
6.Canada is one of the largest countries in the world, second only to Russia, and has always been famous for its fantastic natural scenery.
Second only to …僅次于 =second to = next to
second only to none頭等的，不次于任何人的
Eg. He is such a good player that he is second to none._____________________________
Next to music, he loves tennis best.__________________________________________
7. There are many wild animals in the forests on the freezing, ice-covered lands in the north, and…
freezing. adj. 寒冷的，嚴(yán)寒的 freeze v. 凍結(jié)，凍僵；凍死；呆住
freezing point 冰點(diǎn) a freezing cold night寒冷刺骨的夜晚
below freezing低于冰點(diǎn) be frozen with/ at由于…...而呆住
be frozen to death 被凍死
Practice:
1) What a freezing day it is!
2) Water freezes at zero centigrade.
3) Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ___________, too cold for us to live.
A. Would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly
B. Would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly
8. The waterfalls, the largest of which is shaped like a semicircle, are 670 meters wide, and fall 56meters in an awesome white sheet of water.
the largest of which…引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是the waterfalls
eg. The old lady has two daughters, neither of whom is kind to her.
There are 5 books on the table, of which none/ none of which is of any use to our study.(桌上有5本書(shū)，但一本都對(duì)我們的學(xué)習(xí)無(wú)用)
III. some useful phrases to remember:
1. second only to 僅次于 2. natural scenery自然風(fēng)光
3.be said to be 據(jù)說(shuō)是 4. enormous open plains遼闊的平原
5. seemingly endless forests_似乎一望無(wú)際的森林 6. be thrilled by由于…而激動(dòng)
7. in the heart of 在……中心 8. a French-speaking city說(shuō)法語(yǔ)的城市
9. be lost to失去，沒(méi)有 10. in addition to 除了……以外
11. on the Pacific coast在太平洋沿海 12. be close to靠近
13. be home to 是……的棲息地 14. cover an area of占據(jù)……面積
15. consist of 由……組成 16. be filled with充滿
17. be near to靠近 18. a natural phenomenon自然現(xiàn)象
19. seek one’s fortune尋找出路 20. a handful of一些，少數(shù)
21. go perfectly with與完美搭配 22. tourist attraction旅游景點(diǎn)
23. tourist destination旅游目的地 24. cater to sb’s need滿足需要