一.單復數的形式
1.民族的復數形式
1/Chinese, Japanese, Swiss 等單復數同形
2/Englishman, Frenchman, Irish等man改成men,但German----Germans
3/American, Canadian, Russian等復數加s.
2.姓名的復數含義及形式(直接加s或es)
Fox and Jones are two workers. One day, the Foxes and the Joneses came to China for a visit.
In our class, there is a Mary. In their class, there are three Marys, ever four Berrys.
3.抽象名詞具體化后的含義不同
water-----waters（水域）sand----sands （沙灘） steel----steels（多種鋼材） rain----rains（雨季）
two teas=two cups of tea two coffee=two cups of coffee a success（成功的人或事）
抽象名詞與冠詞連用中間常有定語修飾
a good sleep a happy life a delicious supper a good education a pleasant surprise
Many people agree that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.
He is in business for himself.(經商) He is the manager of three businesses.(商行)
4.復和名詞的復數形式
1/ 名詞修飾名詞,如修飾詞是man,woman,則用men, women,其余多用單數
2/合成詞中有主體詞的把主體詞變復數,無主體詞的后面-s
a grandchild---- grandchildren looker-on ------ lookers-on
an editor-in-chief---- editors-in-chief
throw-away-----throw-aways go-between----- go-betweens
二.名詞的所有格
1.兩者共有的在后面一個名詞后加’s;兩者分別擁有的兩
個名詞都加’s.
Tom’s and John’s rooms/ Tom and John’s room
2.強化記憶下列不用of而用to或for表示“…的”的短語句式
the key to the door /the keys(鍵盤) to the computer /
the entrance to the hill /the answer to the question /the reply to
the question /the invitation to the concert /his contribution to
his motherland /the reason for his being late
I am fighting for an end to slavery.
You should make your views known to everyone.
3.某店鋪,某人的家,某夫婦的家一般省略所有格后的名詞
at my aunt’s /at the barber’s /at Mr. Brown’s(at the Browns’)
go to the butcher’s
4.雙重所有格
of后的名詞須是表人的有生命的特指名詞
a friend of my father’s=one of my father’s friends
比較: a picture of Tom’s / a picture of Tom(照片上的人是Tom)