高二同步輔導(dǎo)資料 Unit One Making a difference
一、要點補(bǔ)充
1. within prep. 在……范圍以內(nèi) adv. 在里面；在內(nèi)心
eg: I shall be back within half an hour.
Stay within hearing distance of the house.
It wasn’t within my power to help her.
Outwardly, he repented, but within, he felt no remorse.
練習(xí)：Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table___ reach of little children.
A. into B.wihout C. within D. with
1．Stay within hearing distance of the house．(英譯漢)
2．They finally came within sight of the shore．(英譯漢)
2. curious adj.好奇的；好求知的 curiously adv．好奇地，奇怪地
eg：be curious about sth．對某事感興趣，好奇
be curious to do sth.
be curious +從句
他很想知道會發(fā)生什事。He was curious __________________________________
我很想知道她為什么上學(xué)遲到。I am curious _________________________________．
他們好奇地看著她 They looked at her __________．
說也奇怪，他并不喜歡音樂。_____________，he didn't like music．
3. branch (1)n．①樹枝
他爬上樹藏在樹枝后面。He climbed up the tree and hid __________________．
②(河流、公路、鐵路或山脈的)分支，支線，支流
eg：a branch of the Rhine萊茵河的支流
③ (屬于某大公司或機(jī)構(gòu)的)地方辦事處或分店
eg： The bank has _________ in all parts of the country．
該銀行在全國各地設(shè)有分行。
4．Promise n.&v. (1) n. ①[C]承諾，諾言，契約
eg：He ___________________ of helping me．他答應(yīng)要幫助我。
Don't _________________ to keep the secret for me．不要忘記替我保守秘密的諾言。
【拓展】 give／make a promise許諾
keep a promise遵守諾言
break a promise違背諾言
eg：He made／gave a promise _____________________________．他許諾他會給我買份禮物。
Everyone should _____________________．人人都要守信。
Don't make friends with one who always _____________________．
②[U]指望，希望，前途eg：
He is an engineer __________________．他是有希望(前途)的工程師。
(2 ) v. ①有……的希望，恐怕(可能)會
eg：She promises __________________．她渴望做個好太太。
警示】promising adj. 有希望、有前途的、前途光明的
eg：a promising actress 有前途的女演員
The weather is promising．天氣可望好轉(zhuǎn)。
②允諾，答應(yīng)
that從句
promise sth.
sb. to do sth.
eg：They promised(us)______________________________．他們答應(yīng)會尊重我們的決定。
Promise(me)never _____________________． 答應(yīng)(我)絕不再麻煩我。
5． turn out 結(jié)果(是)；證明(是)；原來(是)；后常接“(to be)+adj./n.”，
eg：If the day ___________________，we may have to change our plans．
萬一下雨的話，我們也許得改變計劃。
那個晚上結(jié)果是寒冷且下雨。_______________________________________
那謠言后來證明是真的。The rumor turned out______________________．
【警示】可構(gòu)成句型：It turns out that…“結(jié)果是……；后來證實……”。
eg：結(jié)果是她根本沒結(jié)過婚。It turns out ____________________________________．
后來證實有兩位旅客喪生。It turned out ________________________________．
【拓展】
(1)turn into把……變成 (2)turn back往回走、折回
(3)turn down調(diào)低、關(guān)小、拒絕 (4)turn in交還、上繳
(5)turn off關(guān)掉 (6)turn on打開
(7)turn over翻轉(zhuǎn) (8)turn to翻到、轉(zhuǎn)向……，求助
(9)turn up出現(xiàn)、到達(dá)
練習(xí)：We can go outing tomorrow．The weather will_____ fine．
A．turned up B．turned out C．turned over D．turned down
6. patient adj. 有耐心的，能容忍的 n. 病人
patience n. 耐心、耐性、忍耐力
eg：You should be more __________ others．你應(yīng)該多容忍他人一些。
The hospital has a lot of __________．那家醫(yī)院患者很多。
This kind of work requires much _________．這種工作需要很大的耐心。
【拓展】lose／run out of one's patience 失去耐心
7． what if (1) 如果……怎么辦，即使……又有什么關(guān)系
eg：_________________________________? 如果他們不來怎么辦?
______________________________? 即使他生氣又有什么關(guān)系?
________________________________? 如果他們是賊的話怎么辦?
__________________________________?倘使她發(fā)現(xiàn)你弄丟了她的書，怎么辦?
____________________________________？萬一我們失敗了，怎么辦?
_____________________________________? 暴風(fēng)雨要是來了怎么辦?
【拓展】(1)What is called所謂 (2)What about……怎么樣 (3)What's more而且
8. Imagination is more important than knowledge．想像力比知識更重要。
(1)在這個句子中，我們應(yīng)注意more…than．．．的正確理解，漢語意思為“比……更……”。
eg： He works ___________________ than he used to．他的工作比過去做得更好。
Some students think chemistry is_____________________ physics．
有些學(xué)生認(rèn)為化學(xué)比物理更有意思。
(2)另外more…than…還可譯作“與其……倒不如……”
eg：The child was ______________________________________．
這孩子的傷倒不算什么，只是受驚不小。
The book seems to be _____________________________．
這本書看來與其說是一本語法書，倒不如說是一本詞典。
二、語法要點 不定式的用法
不定式由“to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成其否定形式是"not to do”。
不定式可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語，
沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。
to do 一般式
不定式的主動式有 to have done 完成式 被動式最常用的是 to be done。
to be doing 進(jìn)行式
不定式的用法主要有：主語、賓語、表語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語,但不能作謂語。
1. 作主語：不定式短語作主語時，往往放在謂語之后，用it作形式主語。
例：To see is to believe．
It is right to give up smoking．
It is a great pleasure to talk with him.
It is important for us to learn English well.
It is kind of you to help me so much.
注意：
要想說明不定式的動作是由誰發(fā)出，可在不定式前加for sb.；但如果是形容詞careless, clever, foolish, good, impolite, kind, nice, silly, stupid 等作表語時用of sb.
2.作賓語：不定式短語作賓語時，如果還帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語，往往把不定式賓語放在賓語補(bǔ)足語之后，而用it作形式賓語。
eg：I find it interesting to work with him．
Most of them don't know how to solve the problem.
You can decide whether to stay at home or play football.
注意：有些動詞后如：know, decide, find out, show, learn, teach, tell, wonder 常用 動詞+疑問詞+不定式 的形式。
3.作定語: 一般放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。
eg：I have some books for you to read．
注意：(1)作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式
動作的地點、工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。
eg：He is looking for a room to live in．
There is nothing to worry about．
Please give me a knife to cut with．
(2)當(dāng)作定語的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的承受者時，不定式既可以用主動語態(tài)，也可用被動語態(tài)，但其含義有所不同。試比較：
(1) Have you anything to send?你有什么東西要寄嗎?
(不定式to send的動作執(zhí)行者是you)
②Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或別人)寄的東西嗎?
(不定式to be sent的動作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的me或someone else)
4.作狀語: 表示目的、原因、結(jié)果
eg：I came here to see you．(目的)
We were very excited to hear the news．(原因)
He hurried to the school only to find nobody there．
5.作賓語補(bǔ)足語
eg：He asked me to do the work with him．
(1)在feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice，observe，see，watch，have，let，
make等詞后的補(bǔ)足語中，不定式不帶to，但是這些句子如果變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，就必須帶to。
eg: I often hear him sing the song．He is often heard to sing the song．
(2)動詞不定式在介詞but，except，besides后面時,如果這些介詞之前有行為動詞do的各種形式，那么這些介詞后的不定式不帶to，否則要帶to。
eg：She could do nothing but cry．
What do you like to do besides swim?
I have no choice but to go．
6.作表語 eg：My job is to help the patient．
例題解析
1. She can’t help _______the house because she’s busy making a cake．
A．to clean B．cleaning c．cleaned D．being cleaned (上海高考題)
2. When I handed the report to John，he said that George was the person______．
A．to send B．for sending C．to send it to D．for sending it to
3. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier，_____ it more difficult．
A．not make B．not to make C．not making D．do not make(全國高考題)
4. Wang Tao was made_______ the dishes for a week as a punishment．
A．to wash B．washing C．wash D．to be washing
5. The chair looks rather hard，but in fact it is very comfortable to________.
A．sit B．sit on C．be sat D．be sat on (全國高考題)
6. --The light in the office is still on．-- 0h，I forgot_______．
A．turning it off B．turn it off C．to turn it off D．having turned it off (全國高考題)
7. 一You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting．一 Well, now I regret_________ that．
A．to do B．to be doing C．to have done D．having done
8. 一 I usually go there by train．一 Why not______ by boat for a change?
A. to going B．trying to go ‘c. to try and go D．try going (全國高考題)
9.In some parts of London，missing a bus means______ for another hour．
A．waiting B．to wait C．wait D．to be waiting
10. We agreed______ here but so far she hasn't turned up yet．
A．having met B．meeting C．to meet D．to have met (全國高考題)
11. Little Jim should 1ove________to the theatre this evening．
A．to be taken B．to take C．being taken D. taking (全國高考題)
12. He gave me this strange object for my birthday and I don't know_______.
A．it what to do with B．what to do it with C．what to do with it D．to do what with it
13. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_______ in making the earth a better place to live．
A．to have played B．to play C．to be played D．to be playing
14. ________your spoken English，you must do more practice．
A．Improving B．To improve C．Improved D．To have improved
15. The girl pretended________ when her father came back．
A．to sleep B．to be slept c．to asleep D．to be asleep
16. It’s careless________ the same mistake in your composition．
A．for you to make B．for you making C．of you to make D．of you making
17. At first I had some trouble with my car but finally I managed________．
A．to get starting it B．it to get started C．to get it started D．getting it started
18. Li Ming is always the first ______to school and the last________.
A．of coming；of 1eaving B．comes；leaves C．to come；to leave D．coming；1eaving
19. Tom kept silent about the accident________ 1ose his job．
A．So not as to B．so as not to C．So as to not D．not so as to
20. All she could do was________ back home and________ her stepmother．
A．going；faced B．go；face C．went；faced D．going；face
21. Tom ought not to________ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A．have to1d B．tell C．be telling D．having told
21. Rather than _____ on a crowded bus，he always prefers______ a bicycle.
A．ride；ride B．riding；ride C．ride；to ride D．to ride；riding
22. The boy doesn’ t have to be made_______．He always works hard．
A．1earn B．to 1earn c．1earned D．1earning
Exercises
一、單項填空
1. The actress who had been thought highly of _____ to be a great disappointment.
A. turned down B. turned in
C. turned out D. turned up
2. I've visited a lot of different places and stayed in lots of different hotels, but none of them ______ this one.
A. makes B. beats C. compares D. matches
3. This is a disease that can result in total blindness _____ left untreated.
A. after B. if C. since D. unless
4. It is impossible for anyone _____ these photographs before, because Mr. Newman had them developed today.
A. saw B. to have seen
C. to see D. seeing
5. It would be worth trying _____ you should not get immediate success.
A. unless B. whether
C. as if D. even though
6. --Is it my age _____the boss minds?
--I'm afraid not. He will consider_______ necessary to have
an experienced assistant.
A. which ;it B. that ;it C. which; that D. that; that
7. He got to the station only _____ the train had gone.
A. and told B. telling C. told D. to be told
8. For some time _____, they foretold that with the increased production ________ possible by new technology, cars would become much cheaper.
A. coming; made B. coming; making it
C. to come ; made D. to come; was made
9. The market for used computers is getting larger and larger as the years______.
A. get on B. run on
C. push on D. go on
10. Some of the students have already learned enough English to _________ a conversation with an English speaker.
A. go on B. carry on C. keep on D. hold on
11. --If he works harder, he ______ to succeed in medicine.
--Yes. He is _______ diligent than clever.
A. hopes ; much more B. wishes; no more.
C. promises ; more D. will be able ; would rather
12. After much_____, Harry was chosen captain of the football team.
A. debate B. bargain C. defeat D. defence
13. I didn't see Professor Johnson yesterday because he was_______ in writing a repoft．
A．engaged B．managed C．busied D．required
14. There’s no point_______ further．It won't help much．
A．on explaining B．to explain
C．of explaining D．in explaining
15. --Are you_______ with the achievements yOU have made?
一--Of course，they show my efforts at least．
A．similar B．satisfied C．curious D．pleasant
16. Her dream_______ China has come true at last with the help of her grandfather．
A．to visit B．in visiting
C．visiting D．of visiting
17. We_______an answer to the question，but couldn't find one．
A．sought B．searched C．explored D．looked
18. The old man took a cup of tea，and went on_______ his story．
A．towards B．to C．for D．with
19．He faIled in the mid-term exam but he ______his father_______next time．
A．permitted；to pass B．permitted；passing
C．promised；to pass D．promised；passing
20．We agreed ______ here but so far she hasn't turned up yet．
A．having met B．meeting
C．to meet D．to have met
[答案] CDBDD BDCBC CAADB DADAC
二、短文改錯
The lights were red，but the old man stopped his 1.--
car and waited them to change to green．While he was 2.--
waiting，a police car came up，hitting his car in 3.--
its back and then stopped．There were
two policemen 4.--
in the police car，and they were surprising and glad 5.--
when the old man got out of his car and walked 6.--
towards them with any trouble after such an accident． 7.--
He was over 70 year old．The o1d man came to the 8.--
door of the police car，smiled kind and said，“Tell me, 9.--
young men, how do you stop this car unless
the lights are red and I’m not here？” 10.--
[答案]
1. and 2. for 3. hit 4.the 5.surprised
6. 正確 7. without 8. years 9.kindly 10. if