從一道高考題談find 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的用法
浙江省奉化中學(xué) 吳亞翠
請看2003年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考生試題中的第22題：
. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ___ in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
這道題的正確答案是B。做這道題時(shí)，我們可以先把從句的被動(dòng)語態(tài)變成主動(dòng)語態(tài)：…(sb.) find him smoking in the kitchen. 從主動(dòng)形式中我們可明顯地看出find后跟了復(fù)合賓語，即賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語。 smoking補(bǔ)充說明賓語him, 因賓語him與賓語補(bǔ)足語smoking有主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用動(dòng)詞的doing形式, doing結(jié)構(gòu)表示與賓語有主動(dòng)關(guān)系，又有進(jìn)行的含意。
find跟復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在中學(xué)英語中常出現(xiàn)，下面結(jié)合教材，把常見的“find+復(fù)合賓語”句型作一歸納。此類句型主要的有七種：
一、 find + 賓語+分詞
1. In the morning people woke up and found the world outside their houses completely changed. (SBII A Unit 11 Hurricane)
早上人們一醒來就發(fā)現(xiàn)房屋外邊的世界完全變了。
2. I entered the room and found the window broken.
我走進(jìn)房間就發(fā)現(xiàn)窗戶被打破了。
3. They went out and found the bridge washed away by the flood,
他們走出來就發(fā)現(xiàn)橋梁被洪水沖走了。
4. On arriving at the station, he found his wife waiting to meeting him.
他一到車站就發(fā)現(xiàn)他的妻子在等著迎接他。
5. Crusoe found the savages eating something.
克魯索發(fā)現(xiàn)野人在吃東西。
注意：find+sb/sth+doing/done, doing表示與賓語有主動(dòng)關(guān)系。而done與賓語有被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
二、 find +賓語 +介詞（短語）
1. She had gone through just a few carriages before she found herself at the front of the train. (SBII B Unit 18 We’ve lost our dad!)
她只走過幾節(jié)車廂就發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已來到列車的前部。
2. He found the ship out of sight.
他發(fā)現(xiàn)船已看不見了。
3. To her surprise, she found herself in a different world.
使她驚奇的是他來到了另外的一個(gè)世界。
4. I hope to find you in better health when we meet again.
我希望下次見面時(shí)，你的健康會(huì)更好一些。
三、 find +形式賓語（it）+形容詞/名詞+不定式
1. When Germany was ruled by Hitler in the early 1930s Einstein, who was a Jew, found it impossible to continue living in Germany.(SBII B Unit 13 Albert Einstein)
在20世紀(jì)30年代初期，希特勒統(tǒng)治德國時(shí)候，愛因斯坦是個(gè)尤太人，他發(fā)現(xiàn)他不能在德國生活下去了。
2. In the 1870s, when Marx was already in his fifties, he found it important to study the situation in Russia.( SBI B Unit 21 Karl Marx)
在19世紀(jì)70年代，馬克思已經(jīng)五十多歲了，他覺得研究俄國的形勢很重要。
3. Do you find it a hard job to end the fighting?
你覺得結(jié)束這場戰(zhàn)爭是一件很難的工作嗎？
4. I found it impossible to leave Germany for the USA.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)離開德國去美國是不可能的。
四、 find +賓語+不定式
1. They found Australia to be an astonishing land where the soil was red,…(SBIII A Unit 2 Captain Cook)
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)澳大利亞是個(gè)令人驚奇的地方，那里的土壤是紅色的…
2. He told me he found the fact to be true.
他告訴我，他發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)事實(shí)是真的。
3. We found him to be honest.
我們覺得他是誠實(shí)的
五、 find+賓語+形容詞
1. …but I find idioms and useful expressions hard to learn. (SBI B Unit 21 Karl Marx)
但是我覺得習(xí)慣用語和有用的短語很難學(xué)。
2. I also thought that I would make lots of new friends. However, I find it hard. (SBI A Unit 14 Mainly revision)
我也想我會(huì)交很多新朋友。可是，我覺得這很難。
3. –How did you find the talk this morning?
-Very disappointing.(SBIII A Unit1 Madame Curie)
-你覺得今天早上的報(bào)告怎樣？
-非常令人失望。
4. I found the question hard to answer.
我覺得這個(gè)問題很難回答。
5. I find the text easy to read.
我覺得這篇課文容易讀。
六、 find +賓語+名詞
1. I found her an honest girl.
我覺得她是個(gè)誠實(shí)的女孩。
2. I found your little sister a clever girl.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)你的小妹妹是個(gè)聰明的女孩。
七、 find + 賓語+副詞
1. When I entered the room, I found him out.
當(dāng)我進(jìn)房時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)他已出去。
2. I found the lights on all through the night.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)這些燈通宵地亮著。
3. When he arrived, he found the meeting over.
當(dāng)他來的時(shí)候，他發(fā)現(xiàn)會(huì)議已結(jié)束。
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