作者：沈建林
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的"省、補(bǔ)、變、加、留"指學(xué)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的"省主語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)主語(yǔ)、變代詞、加上to、保留by"這些關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容。
"省主語(yǔ)"，指主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，如果主動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)為泛指情況的we, they, people時(shí)，被動(dòng)句中將by短語(yǔ)省略。如：
We speak English. →English is spoken.
"補(bǔ)主語(yǔ)"，指將字面未出現(xiàn)行為者的被動(dòng)句改為主動(dòng)句時(shí)，應(yīng)適當(dāng)?shù)匮a(bǔ)上主語(yǔ)，如we, they, people, someone等。如：
A car is stolen. →Someone steals a car.
"變代詞"，指主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)是賓格人稱代詞時(shí)，改為被動(dòng)句要將其變?yōu)橹鞲袢朔Q代詞。如：
We must send her to the hospital at once. →She must be sent to the hospital at once.
"加上to"，如果主動(dòng)句中含不帶to的不定式（作賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)），變?cè)摼錇楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，不定式前的"to"應(yīng)恢復(fù)使用。如：
We saw him leave the classroom. →He was seen to leave the classroom.
"保留by"，指下列被動(dòng)句中by短語(yǔ)不省略的情況：
a. 當(dāng)by短語(yǔ)不表示行為者，而表示使用的手段和方法時(shí)。如：
Most of the work will be done by the computers.
b. 強(qiáng)調(diào)by短語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)作行為者時(shí)。如：
Macao was forced by Portuguese more than four hundred years ago.
特別提示：一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：shall / will be +p. p.
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：have / has been + p. p.
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：am / is / are + being + p. p.
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：should / would be + p. p.
另外需特別注意的是英語(yǔ)中l(wèi)ook, smell, feel, taste, sound等系動(dòng)詞和表示"起止"意義的動(dòng)詞begin, start, finish, stop等，主動(dòng)形式可表被動(dòng)意義。
考題回放：
1. -Did you go to Jack's birthday party?
-No, I______. (2004天津市)
A. am not invited B. wasn't invited
C. haven't invited D. didn't invite
2. I like this silk dress, and it ______ so soft and comfortable. (2004江西省)
A. is feeling B. feels C. has felt D. is felt
3. People use computers widely in the world. (改為同義句)
Computers ______ widely ______ in the world. (2002遼寧省)
4. 第四十七屆世乒賽上個(gè)月在巴黎舉行。中國(guó)乒乓球運(yùn)動(dòng)員贏得理所當(dāng)然。
The 47th World Table Tennis Championship ______ ______ in Paris last month. The Chinese ping-pong players ______ ______ ______. (2003濟(jì)南市)
5. We heard them sing Peking Opera in that theatre last Sunday. (改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
They were heard______Peking Opera in that theatre last Sunday. (2004重慶市)