Unit 10學(xué)案
1. cut down 砍倒，減少，降低，縮短
The little boy cut down the young tree with an axe.
The doctor told me to cut down smoking and drinking.
與cut有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)
cut something from something 切下，割下
cut something away 切除，剪去
cut up 切碎
cut off切斷，停止
e.g. They cut all the dead branches from the tree.
While we were cooking, the gas was suddenly cut off.
1. no longer 和no more
(1) no longer 側(cè)重于“時(shí)間”，no more側(cè)重于“數(shù)量，程度”等。
e.g. There is no more bread.
He is no longer young.
(2) no longer側(cè)重于現(xiàn)在與過(guò)去的比較，no more指今后如何，把現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)進(jìn)行對(duì)比。
e.g. I am sorry I can wait no longer.
I shall go there no longer.
(3) no longer可以和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，而no more只和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，而且表示“不再”含義時(shí)，no more不用在句子中間。
2．die out 死絕；消失，消滅
That custom died out years ago.
那種風(fēng)俗許多年前就消失了。
The lights died out suddenly.
燈突然熄滅了。
die of/from/by 因……而死
die of hunger/an illness 餓（病）死
die away(聲音、光線、風(fēng)等)漸弱，漸息
She died of cancer/old age.
她死于癌癥（終享天年）。
die from overwork/a wound操勞過(guò)度（受傷）而死
［辨析］die of指死于疾病、衰老、饑餓等；die from則指由于外傷或不注意的原因而死亡，但from常以of代替。
die+名（形）死于……狀態(tài)
die young/happy英年早逝（含笑九泉）
be dying for（口語(yǔ)）渴望……，很想……
He was dying for a drink. 他很渴望喝點(diǎn)酒。
3. adapt v. 使……適應(yīng)，使……適合
adapt sth. to sth. 使…….適應(yīng)…….
e.g. He couldn’t adapt his way of life to the company.
他的生活方式無(wú)法適應(yīng)公司（的要求）。
adapt sth. for sth. 修改某事
I adapted the garage for use as a workshop.
我將車庫(kù)改為工作室使用。
It is hard to adapt this story for children/the film.
要將小說(shuō)改編為適合小孩子（電影）很困難。
adapt oneself to適應(yīng)……
He is quick to adapt(himself)to new circumstances.
他很會(huì)適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。
adapted adj.適合……的；改編成……的
This book is adapted to children.
這書是為適合兒童需要而改寫的。
The play is adapted from a novel.
這是一部由小說(shuō)改編成的戲劇。
4．first of all，at first，above all
(1)first of all首先，第一(常可單獨(dú)使用)
e.g.First of all，we must check the number.
首先，我們要核對(duì)一下數(shù)目。
(2)at first(=at the beginning)起初，開始(與later“以后”相對(duì))
e.g.At first I thought ill of him.
起初我對(duì)他的印象不好。
(3)above all首先，最重要的是(most important of all)
e.g.We must work hard，and above all we must believe that each of us is able to do something well.
我們應(yīng)當(dāng)努力工作，尤其重要的是我們必須相信，我們每個(gè)人都能做好一些事情。
5. the other day，some day，one day，another day
(1)the other day“幾天前”(a few days ago)指過(guò)去，只能用于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。
e.g.The other day I met Mary in the street.
幾天前，我在街上碰上瑪麗了。
(2)some day“總有一天，某一天”指將來(lái)，通常只用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)或過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，可與one day替換。
e.g.We are going to visit the museum some day/one day next week.
我們打算下周某一天去參觀博物館。
(3)one day“某一天，有一天”，可指過(guò)去的某一天，也可指將來(lái)的某一天(指將來(lái)的某一天可與some day互換。)
e.g.One day you will be punished.
總有一天你會(huì)受到懲罰的。
One day I saw a beggar walking along the street.
有一天我看見一個(gè)乞丐沿著大街行走。
(4)another day “改天”，指將來(lái)的一天。
e.g.I will see you again another day.
我改天會(huì)再來(lái)看你的。
6. endanger vt. cause danger to sb. or sth.
put in danger危害，危及，使處于危險(xiǎn)中
e.g. Smoking endangers your health.
The oil spill endangered thousands of birds.
The giant panda is an endangered species.
比較：(1) in danger“在危險(xiǎn)中，處于危險(xiǎn)之中”，常與be連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)處于某種危險(xiǎn)之中。
e.g. The old man was knocked down by the motorbike.He was in danger.
那位老人被摩托車撞倒了，處于危險(xiǎn)之中。
(2) in danger of“有……的危險(xiǎn)”，后接動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)。
e.g. Some birds are in danger of dying away.
有些鳥有滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。
The man was in danger of losing his life.
那個(gè)人有生命危險(xiǎn)。
(3) out of danger“脫離危險(xiǎn)”，常與be連用。
e.g. He is out of danger now.
他現(xiàn)在已脫離危險(xiǎn)。
(4) dangerous adj. 危險(xiǎn)的 （指對(duì)別人構(gòu)成威脅的）
e.g. It is dangerous to swim in the river.
7. devote vt.奉獻(xiàn)
devote sth. / oneself to 致力于，把……奉獻(xiàn)給
e.g. He has devoted his whole life to science.他把一生都奉獻(xiàn)給了科學(xué)事業(yè)。
I don’t think it worthwhile to devote so much time to discussing the matter.
我認(rèn)為花這么多時(shí)間來(lái)討論這件事不值得。
He devoted himself to the training of his students.
I don’t think we should devote any time to this question.
形容詞devoted 意思有兩種
(1) 忠實(shí)的，慈愛的，恩愛的
(2) 獻(xiàn)身……的，專心于……的，專用于…….的，熱心的
e.g. a devoted son, mother, father
The newly married couple next door to us are devoted to sports.
The magazine is devoted to science.
7. keep on doing 繼續(xù)做某事
keep sb. / sth. doing 讓某人/某物繼續(xù)做某事
keep sb. from (doing ) sth.阻止某人做某事
=stop / prevent sb. (from) (doing ) sth.
keep from doing 避免做某事
e.g. I hope I am not keeping you from your work.
They don’t keep anything from each other.
She kept me waiting for half an hour.
The telephone kept ringing until I answered it.
You should try to keep from sitting up late at night.
8. waste n. 浪費(fèi)，廢物 v.浪費(fèi) adj. 沒(méi)用的，廢棄的
e.g. a waste of time (energy)
Don’t waste time talking with her.
Waste time (money ) on sth./ in (doing) sth.