一、定語(yǔ)從句:
1.定語(yǔ)從句的概念：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。
2.先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。
3.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的連詞叫關(guān)系詞。如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。
4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。
關(guān)系詞 指代 在定語(yǔ)從句中的作用
that 既指人也指物 作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)
which 指物 作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)
who 指人 作主語(yǔ)
whom 指人 作賓語(yǔ)
whose 既指人也指物 作定語(yǔ)
二、定語(yǔ)從句：1.先行詞是物時(shí)，一般情況既可用that，which均可.但下列情況，只用that不用which。
1).當(dāng)先行詞為指物的不定代詞，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等時(shí)，只能用that。There is nothing ______ I can do for you .
2).先行詞被the only,the very,the last,all,no,little等詞修飾,只用that。This is the very book ___ I’m looking for .
3).先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，只用that . This is the first nextbook ______ I studied in the middle school .
4).先行詞為最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，只能用that。
This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen .=I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian .
5).先行詞既有人也有物時(shí)，只能that 。 He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had .
2.先行詞是物時(shí)，一般情況既可用that也可用which.但下列情況，只能用which不用that。
1).關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞只能用which 。This is the building in ______ he lives .
2).先行詞本身是that時(shí)，關(guān)系詞只能用which 。The clock is that _____ tells the time .
3).引導(dǎo)非限定性的定語(yǔ)從句（先行詞是物且先行詞與關(guān)系詞用逗號(hào)隔開），關(guān)系詞用which。
His book , ______ was lost last week , has been found now.
3.先行詞是人時(shí)，一般情況下既可用who 也可用that 。但以下情況下，只能用who。
1).當(dāng)先行詞為those、one、ones、anyone且作主語(yǔ)時(shí),一般用who .Those ____ are singing are all my classmates .
2).在there be 句型中，先行詞指人時(shí)，只能用who。指物時(shí)用that。There is a girl ______ expects to see you .
3).當(dāng)先行詞是I、you、he、they等時(shí)，只能用who 。He ______ plays with fire gets burned .
三、定語(yǔ)從句 由關(guān)系副詞when、where、why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。
where = in / at +which when = in / on / at +which why = for + which
1.由where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。1).先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞 2).在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)
Is this the house ____ you lived ?= Is this the house ____ ___ you lived ?= Is this the house ___ you lived in ?
2.由when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。1).先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞 2).在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
I will never forget the days ______ I met him .= I will never forget the days ____ ____ I met him.
注：先行詞是the last time 時(shí)，when 可省略。When was the last time you saw the parrot ?
3.由why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞為reason 時(shí)，一般用why 。 why在句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。
We don’t know the reason ______ they didn’t come .
四、注意事項(xiàng)：
1.關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常可省略。The story _____ he told was very popular .
A.who B.whom C.whose D. /
2.that、who、which在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。
I loves singers who _______(write) their own songs ./She is one of the girls who ______(study) hard .
3.定語(yǔ)從句中whose 的確定：無(wú)論先行詞是人或物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)用whose。
判斷：看定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)前有無(wú)限定詞（my、your、Jim’s等），若沒(méi)有，則用whose 。
The girl _____ parents work in Beijing is Kate .A. who B. whose C. which D. that