編寫人：陳尚琢
在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞，關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as，關(guān)系副詞有when, where, why.
一、關(guān)系詞的基本用法
who 指人，在從句中作主語、賓語或表語
whom 指人，在從句中作賓語
whose 指人或物，在從句中作定語
that 指人或物，在從句中作主語、賓語或表語
which 指物，在從句中作主語或賓語
as 指人、物，在從句中作主語、賓語或表語
when 指時間，在從句中作時間狀語
where 指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語
why 指原因，在從句中作原因狀語
（1）The man (whom /who/that) my mother saw in the street is my teacher.
（2）The book which/ that tells us about the earth is interesting.
（3）She lives in a house whose windows faces south.
（4）Do you know the boy whose father is an English teacher?
（5）I have never heard such stories as he tells.
（6）I’ll never forget the day when /on which I joined the army.
（7）I won’t forget the factory where / in which my father worked.
（8）Tell me the reason why you came late.
二、必須用“that”引導(dǎo)的定語從句
1、當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞all，little, few, much, anything , everything, none, nothing, no one, some等時。
He did everything that he could to help us.
2、先行詞被all, every, no , some, any , little, much, the only, the very, the right, last , few , just 等修飾時。
The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.
3、先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時，或先行詞本身就是序數(shù)詞或形容詞
最高級時。
This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.
4、當(dāng)先行時前有such 或the same修飾時，先行詞和關(guān)系代詞指同一物時。
She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday.
5、先行詞既有人又有物時，
Later they talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.
6、當(dāng)主句是以who或which開始時的特殊疑問句時，
Who is the boy that won the gold medal?
7、在同一個句子里，若有兩個定語從句，其中一個關(guān)系詞已用了which， 另一個宜用that.
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
8、當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時。（只限于限制性定語從句中）
China is no longer the country that it used to be.
9、當(dāng)先行詞是集體名詞時，多用that，
He wants to join the team that won the game.
10、that在有些句型中可作為關(guān)系副詞，且可省略。
I don’t like the way (that) he talks to me.
三、只用which不用that時情況
1、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，
Bruce went toward the fire, which was still smoking.
2、先行詞在從句中作介詞的賓語且介詞前置。
This is the house in which Lu Xun lived.
3、先行詞本身是that時，
What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?
4、先行詞后有插入語時，
Here is the English grammar book which, as I’ve told you, will help improve your English.
5、which 用作表語，指人時，一般指從事某種職業(yè)或是有某種特性、品質(zhì)或才能的人。
He is an engineer, which I am not。
關(guān)系代as：在限制性定語從句中用在such, the same, as, so之后，as引導(dǎo)的定語從句常采用省略形式。
I have the same book as you（have）.
Take as many as you want.
Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.
This is such a book as was given to me.
四、關(guān)系代詞的省略情況
1、關(guān)系代在從句中作賓語時。
Have you received the book (that) I sent you last week?
2、關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時。
Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be.
3、關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞的賓語，而這個介詞又在句末時。
This is the artist (whom) I spoke to you about.
注意：關(guān)系代詞的省略是指在限制性定語從句中，在非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞不能省略。
五、帶介詞的定語從句
1、固定詞組，介詞置于后，關(guān)系代詞使用靈活。
This is the child (whom / who/ that) she is looking after.
2、非固定詞組，介詞位置靈活，關(guān)系代詞使用嚴(yán)格。
The man (whom/ who/ that) I spoke to is a friend of mine.
The man to whom I spoke is a friend of mine.
3、介詞詞組（關(guān)系代詞遠(yuǎn)離先行詞）
In front of, on top of ,at the foot of, with the help of, as a result of.
We stand in a building in front of which stands a lab.
We arrived at a hill, on top of which stood a tower.
4、代詞/數(shù)詞+of +關(guān)系代詞
He has written many books, most of which are for children.
We have many students, two of whom have won prizes of international competitions.
5、介詞+關(guān)系代詞+代詞/數(shù)詞
He has written many books, of which most are in Chinese.
6、介詞+whose 修飾后面的名詞
He is the very man in whose pocket I found my lost money.
六、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別
限制性定語從句對先行詞起限制確定作用。如果沒有它，主句的意思就不完整，這種%s strange.
2和主句的關(guān)系十分密切，不可用逗號隔開，在口語中前后沒有停頓。
He is the man whose father died last week.
That is the reason why I didn’t open the door.
非限制性定語從句與主句的關(guān)系不十分密切，只是對先行詞起描述或補(bǔ)充說明的作用，省略后也不影響全句的意思，非限制性定語碏拗菩遠(yuǎn)ㄓ锎泳洌有“正如”的含義，因此，下列句式中多用as.
as has been said above as anybody can see
as we had expected as (it) appears
Things are not always as they appear.
5、which 引導(dǎo)非限制定語從句，指代整個主句的內(nèi)容，從句只能置于句尾。
The decision was postponed, which was exactly what he wanted.
6、which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語%tudy?
（5）Is this school ______ is a senior one?
A. that/which B. where C. the one
D. the one where 2as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代整個主句的內(nèi)容，從句可置于句首，句中和句尾。
As everyone knows, Tom is good at English.
The earth, as we know, moves round the sun.
3、非限制性定語從句中謂語為被動時，常用as 作主語。
as is said/ known/ announced/ reported/ mentioned/ expected/ disused等。
As is known to all, Taiwan is part of China.
4、as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有“正如”的含義，因此，下列句式中多用as.
as has been said above as anybody can see
as we had expected as (it) appears
Things are not always as they appear.
5、which 引導(dǎo)非限制定語從句，指代整個主句的內(nèi)容，從句只能置于句尾。
The decision was postponed, which was exactly what he wanted.
6、which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代主句中的一個詞（先行詞）從句置于先行詞后，可在句中或句尾。
The football match, which I watched yesterday, is very interesting.
7、which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代整個主句的內(nèi)容，從句的謂語帶有賓語，有的還帶賓語補(bǔ)足語。
After that things improved, which astonished me.
Water changes into steam, which is known to be a physical chang (that/ which)
2、是用when還是用that, which
（1）May 1 is the day ______ we spent together.
（2）May 1 is the day ________i joined the army.
A. that/ which B. when
當(dāng)先行詞是表示時間的名詞時，作時間狀語時，用when, 若作主語或賓語時，就用that/ which.
3、定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別
（1）It was in this house ______ he was born.
（2）It was this house ______ he was born.
（3）It was in the house ________ he used to live that the exhibition was held..
A. 5那別主要是看連接詞是否在從句中作成分，作成分的?B E. the one that / which
遇到這類句子，先將其變成肯定句，再看主句是否缺少表語。若缺表語，則必須用the one的形式，接著再看the one在從句中作什么成分，若作狀語，則必須用the one where，若作主語或賓語時，則用the one (that/ which)
2、是用when還是用that, which
（1）May 1 is the day ______ we spent together.
（2）May 1 is the day ________i joined the army.
A. that/ which B. when
當(dāng)先行詞是表示時間的名詞時，作時間狀語時，用when, 若作主語或賓語時，就用that/ which.
3、定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別
（1）It was in this house ______ he was born.
（2）It was this house ______ he was born.
（3）It was in the house ________ he used to live that the exhibition was held..
A. where B. that C. which D. there
判斷是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的方法是去掉it is /was …that, 若整個句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意義不受影響，則為強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，否則為定語從句。
4、定語從句與其他從句的區(qū)別
（1）定語從句與地點(diǎn)狀語從句的區(qū)別是看有無表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作先行詞，有則是定語從綼tion:
一、用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空：
1. He lent me a thousand dollars, _________ was exactly the amount I needed.
2. The proposal ________ we have to export more goods is to be disscussed at
the meeting.
3. Bungee jumping is a sport ________ a person makes a vertical jump from a high platform with a rubber rod cord tied to their ankles so that they bounce.
4. ________ was expected, their team failed in the competition because of insufficient preparations.
5. The waterfalls, the largest of _________ is like a semicircle, are 670 meters wide, and fall 56 meters in an awesome white sheet of water.
6. _________ there is no fire, there is no smoke.
7. The 09 C. for which D. whose
9. Who _____ has seen the TV film doesn’t admire it?
A. that B. who C. which D. as%6ㄓ锎泳洌不作成分而只是表示前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容的則是同位語從句。試比較?br>The news that he had been back surprised us all.
The mews (that) he told us surprised us all.
5、way 后面的定語從句（用that/ in which 或省略）
Please tell me the way (that/ in which) you did the job.
Consolidation:
一、用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空：
1. He lent me a thousand dollars, _________ was exactly the amount I needed.
2. The proposal ________ we have to export more goods is to be disscussed at
the meeting.
3. Bungee jumping is a sport ________ a person makes a vertical jump from a high platform with a rubber rod cord tied to their ankles so that they bounce.
4. ________ was expected, their team failed in the competition because of insufficient preparations.
5. The waterfalls, the largest of _________ is like a semicircle, are 670 meters wide, and fall 56 meters in an awesome white sheet of water.
6. _________ there is no fire, there is no smoke.
7. The question ________ we’ll put off the meeting remains to be discussed.
8. I’ve just finished reading a poem ________ meaning is completely beyond me.
9. Compared to _________ the girl is now today, she showed no confidence then especially in front of the public.
10. Hope Project got another donation of one million yuan with ________ to assist more poor children back to school.
二、單項(xiàng)選擇填空：
1. Do you still remember the chicken farm ________ we visited three months ago?
A. where B. when C. that D. what
2. He keeps a record of everything ________ he had seen there.
A. where B. that C. which D. what
3._____ breaks the rules should be punished.
A. Those who B. Who C. Anyone who D. The one
4. I’ll remember the time _____ we spent together in the country.
A. that B. when C. during which D. at which
5. Only those ______ knew well could be let in.
A. that B. he C. who D. which
6. The result of the experiment was very good, _____ we hadn’t expected.
A. as B. that C. which D. what
7. _____is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
8. The book, _____ the cover is broken, is not mine.
A. of it B. of which C. for which D. whose
9. Who _____ has seen the TV film doesn’t admire it?
A. that B. who C. which D. as
10. It’s a matter of _____ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
11. I don’t like the way _____ he looks at me .
A. in that B. which C. of which D. /
12. The thought of going back home was ____ kept him happy while he was working abroad.
A. that B. all that C all what .D. which
13. The village has developed a lot _____ we learned farming two years ago.
A. when B. on which C. that D. where
14. I don’t know the number of people ______ this happens is very large.
A. whom B.to whom C. of which D. which
15.-where did you get to know her?
-It was on the farm _____ we worked.
A. that B. there C.which D. where
16. The students in Tianjin are using the same teaching books _____ we are now using.
A. whose B. as C. which D. that
17. . It was twelve o’clock _____ they arrived home.
A. since B. which C. that D. when
18. I think you have got to the point ______ a change is needed, otherwise you’ll fail.
A. when B. that C. where D. which
19. The meeting was put off, ______ was exactly _____ we wanted.
A. it, that B. as, that C. which, what D. this , what
20. I will hire the man ______ they say is a good English speaker.
A. who B. that C. which D. whom
21. The brave man, ______ the tiger was shot, is a good hunter.
A. of whom B. by that C. by whom D. by which
22. The old lady, ______ had been killed in the war , was given help by the local government.
A. all whose children B. all of whose children
C. whose all the children D. all of her children
23. The book was written in 1946 , ______ the education system has witnessed great changes.
A. when B. during which C. since then D. since when
24. The village _____ we see today is no longer _____ it was a decade ago.
A. that, that B. which, how C. /, what D. what, which
25. . My hometown is no longer the one ____ she used to be.
A. whom B. that C. who D. which
26. I don’t know the reason _____ you were absent from the meeting , but I am sure that someone will tell me the reason ______ you haven’t told me.
A. why, that B. that, why C. because, which D. of which, that
27. Many old people like to live _____ there are many trees and flowers.
A. in which B. in that C. which D. where
28. The bike ______ I spent 400 yuan has been stolen.
A. in which B. on which C. for it D. which
29 Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the day _____ they swam in it.
A. that B. who C. where D. when
30.Henry Adams, for ____money was now not a problem, wanted to stay in an expensive hotel.
A. whom B. whose C. his D. which
31. I have many friends, _____ few are businessmen.
A. of them B. from which C. of who D. of whom
32. _____ the house Mr Zhang has been broken into?
A.when was it that B. when has C. Has D. Had
33. He has directed more than 20 films , but only a few of _____ were successful.
A. which B. those C. them D. these
34. There isn’t so much noise in the country _____ in big cities.
A. as B. where C. which D. that
35. Have you asked her for the reason _____ may explain her absence?
A. why B. that C. what D. because that
三、將下列句子轉(zhuǎn)換成含有定語從句的復(fù)合句。
1. China is a developing country, with Beijing as its capital.
China is a developing country, __________________________.
2. The thief, having been caught slipping into the bank, was arrested by the police.
The thief, __________________________________., was arrested by the police.
3. It is known to us all that light travels faster than sound.
___________________, light travels faster than sound.
4. There are lots of birds flying south for winter every year.
There are lots of birds ____________________________.
5. The Hope School has been set up where a wasteland used to be.
The Hope School has been set up __________________________.
6. That stone is so heavy that no one can remove it away.
That is such a heavy stone ________________________.
答案：
一、用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空：
which that where(in which) As which
Where whether whose what which
二、單項(xiàng)選擇填空：
1~20 CBCAB CDBAA DBDBD BDCDA
21~35 CBDCB ADBDA DCCAB
三、將下列句子轉(zhuǎn)換成含有定語從句的復(fù)合句。
1. China is a developing country, whose capital is Beijing.
2. The thief, who had been caught slipping into the bank, was arrested by the police.
3.As is known to us all, light travels faster than sound.
4. There are lots of birds that fly south for winter every year.
5. The Hope School has been set up in the place which used to be a wasteland.
6. That is such a heavy stone as no one can remove away.