倒裝句要點歸納
完全倒裝與部分倒裝的區別是倒裝句的難點，而so, neither /nor以及not until引起的倒裝句是高考測試的重點。本文就這兩點給予分析歸納，以期對同學們有所啟示。
使用倒裝的場合 歷屆高考題及例句 注意事項
一、謂語動詞放在主語前（完全倒裝） 1.there引導的“存在句” There is a leaning tower in the city of Pisa.
There came shouts for help from the river. 常見動詞有be, come, lie, happen, appear, seem, stand, exist, live, enter, remain。
2.there, here, now, then引導的，引起人們注意的招呼句 There goes the bell!
Here comes the bus!
Now comes your turn. 主語是“人稱代詞”時，主語和謂語動詞用自然語序：
Here we are.
There he comes.
3.such作表語，譯作“……就是如此” Such was Albert Einstein.
Such are the facts. 謂語動詞要與接在后面的“主語”保持“人稱、數”的一致
4.表“動態的狀語”in, out, away, up, from, down, off, back, over置于句首時 Off went the horse.
Down came the hammer and out flew t he sparks.
In rushed the children.
From the speaker comes the doctor’s voice. 主語是“人稱代詞”時，用自然語序：
Away they went.
Out he ran.
5.表“地點”的詞語置于句首或強調“地點”概念時 On the table were some flowers.
Between the two buildings stands a tall tree.
South of the city lies a steel factory. 主謂一致。如：Near the factory are many tall trees.此句主語是trees,而不是factory,故用are。
6.平衡句子結構或使上下文銜接緊密 They reached a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.
Inside the pyramids are t he rooms for the bodies of the kings and queens. 主謂一致。如：Gone are the days when we Chinese people used “foreign oil”.主語是days,故用are。
7.起碼接引語的全部或一部分置于句首時 “Help!” shouted the boy.
“Exactly,” said my father, shaking the old man’s hand. 引述動詞后還有間接賓語或狀語時，不用倒裝語序。如：
“Why?” the teacher asked him.
“Both, sir.” he answered proudly.
二、用一般疑問句語序（部分倒裝） 8.so表示“……也一樣”（用于肯定句中） (1) I like sports and ______ my brother. (97年)
A. so does B. so is C. so D. so like
(2) John won first prize in the contest. ______. (NMET87)
A. So he did B. So did he
C. So he did, tooD. So did he, too so 表示對前句內容的肯定和附和，譯作“確實，正是”時，應用自然語序：
--Tom works hard.
--So he does and so do you.
9.neither, nor或no more表示“……也不”（用于否定句中） (3) ---I don’t think I can walk any further.
---______. Let’s stop here for a rest. (NMET85)
A. Neither am I
B. Neither can I
C. I don’t think so D. I think so
(4) ---Did you enjoy that trip?
---I’m afraid not. And ______. (MET85)
A. my classmates don’t either
B. my classmates don’t too
C. neither do my classmates
D. neither did my classmates
(5)After that we never saw her again, nor _____ from her. (NET97)
A. did we hear B. we heard
C. had we heardD. we have heard
(6)---Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?
---I don’t know, ______. (MET91)
A. nor don’t I care
B. nor do I care
C. I don’t care neither
D. I don’t care also 第一，neither與nor可互換，而no more表“程度比較”，砂能換成no longer。如：She doesn’t care much for sweet. No more do I。第二，倒裝部分的助動詞、系動詞或情態動詞在時態和形式上要與前句相一致，在數上要與后面主語相一致。如：
If you don’t go, neither shall I.
He hasn’t gone, nor have his sisters.
You can’t drive, neither can he.
You aren’t able to drive, nor is he.
10.否定詞never, seldom,, hardly, scarcely, barely, rarely, little, not, nowhere, by no means, in no way, at no time, neither…(nor)置于句首時 Hardly do I think it possible.
By no means shall we give up.
Neither will theory do without practice; nor will practice so without theory. 當little作adj.修飾主語時，用自然語序，如：Little Franz often played truant.
11.Not only…but also,
No sooner…than,
Hardly…when
Scarcely…when,
Not until…,
So…that…,
Such…that…句型 (7) Not until the early years of the 19th century ______ what heat is. (MET89)
A. man did know B. man knew
C. didn’t man know D. did man know
(8) Not until I began to work _____ how much time I had wasted. (MET90)
A. didn’t I realize B. did I realize
C. I didn’t realize D. I realize
(9) Not until all the fish died in the river ______ how serious the pollution was. (NMET95)
A. did the villagers realize
B. the villagers realized
C. the villagers did realize
D. didn’t the villagers realize 主倒從不倒，即主句部分用一般般問句語序，從句部分用陳述語序。如：
Not only is he clever but also he is kind.
So angry was he that he couldn’t speak.
No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain.
Such great progress did he make that he was praised.
12.only強調狀語或賓語置于句首時 (10) Only in this way ______ progress in your English. (84年)
A. you make
B. can you make
C. you be able to make
D. will you able to make only強調主語時，用自然語序。如：Only socialism, can save China.
13.省略if的虛擬條件句，將were, had或should移至主語前 Were he (=If he were) here now, I could ask him.
Had you (=If you had) not helped me, I’d have failed.
Should he (=If he should) come, tell him to ring me up. 若條件句中不含were, had或should，則不宜倒裝。
14.祝愿句 May you succeed!
May you gain still greater success! 標語口號中，也有用“完全倒裝”語序的：Long live the people!
三、as或though引導讓步狀語從句，其句型是：
(11)______, he doesn’t study well. (MET85)
A. As he is clever
B. He is as clever
C. Clever as he is
D. As clever he is
Much as I like it, I will not buy it.
Try as she might, she failed.
Child as he was, he had to make a living. 第一，though引導讓步狀語從句也可不倒裝，如:Though she is young, she knows a lot.
Young though she is, she knows a lot.
第二，表語前的冠詞要省略，如：
Hero as he is, he has some shortcomings.
附：高考題答案：(1)-(5)AABDA (6)-(11)BDBABC
責任編輯：李芳芳