Unit12 定語從句
一、考點(diǎn)聚焦
1、功能：相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語
2、位置：定語從句置于被修飾詞之后
Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.
3、先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞
（1）先行詞一般是名詞和不定代詞，如:some-, any-, every-和no與-boy, -thing的合成詞；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代詞。數(shù)詞也可以作先行詞，人稱代詞也同樣可作先行詞。
（2）先行詞與關(guān)系詞是等量關(guān)系。必須注意兩點(diǎn)：
①先行詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由先行詞而定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.
②關(guān)系詞在從句句子中充當(dāng)了成分，其意思就是先行詞的意義，所以在從句中不能重復(fù)其意。
There are many places we can visit（them）in China.
4、關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的都稱關(guān)系詞
關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。
關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why。that偶爾也作關(guān)系副詞。
5、確定關(guān)系詞的步驟
（1）先找關(guān)系詞，看先行詞指的是什么。
（2）看關(guān)系詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧?/p>
6、在定語從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，下列情況的關(guān)系詞宜用that而不用which
（1）先行詞被①形容詞最高級(jí) ②序數(shù)詞 ③數(shù)詞幾種詞修飾或被 ④only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修飾時(shí)。
（2）先行詞為all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代詞時(shí)。
（3）先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。
He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.
（4）先行詞在主句中作表語關(guān)系詞在從句中作表語時(shí)。
The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.
（5）當(dāng)主句中含有疑問詞which時(shí)。
Which are the books that you bought for me ?
7、宜用which而不用that的情況
（1）在非限制性定語從句中
（2）在關(guān)系詞前有介詞時(shí)
（3）當(dāng)先行詞本身是that時(shí)
（4）當(dāng)關(guān)系詞離先行詞較遠(yuǎn)時(shí)
8、關(guān)系詞who與that指人時(shí)，也有不同情況分別用不同的關(guān)系詞
（1）當(dāng)主句是there be句型時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用who。
（2）先行詞是為anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用who。
（3）當(dāng)主句是who作疑問詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用that。
Who is that girl that is standing by the window?
（4）whom在從句中只作賓語，可被who取代。
9、whose作關(guān)系詞既指人又指物，在從句中作定語。如：
Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving ?
There is a room, whose window faces the river.
There is a room, the window of which faces the river.
10、關(guān)系代詞as,在從句中作主語、賓語和表語。
（1）先行詞被such和the same修飾，或句型as many（much）中，從句都用as 引導(dǎo)。
Such books as you bought are useful.
The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.
注意：區(qū)別①such … that … 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。They are such
lovely children that we love them much.②the same … that … 引導(dǎo)定語從句。I want to use the same tool that you used just now.
（2）無先行詞的定語從句用as和which引導(dǎo)。
區(qū)別：①意義上：as 含有“這點(diǎn)正如……一樣”。②位置上：as 從句可置句首，也可在另處。
He didn’t pass the exam, as we had expected.
There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.
As is known, the earth is round, not flat.
11、關(guān)系副詞when與where、why、that
when 指時(shí)間 = in / at / on / during which
where指地點(diǎn) = in / at / from / which
why指原因 = for which
當(dāng)先行詞為way、day、reason、time時(shí)，可用that作關(guān)系副詞。（非正式場(chǎng)合）
I don’t like the way that / in which / he talks.
當(dāng)time作先行詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞可以省掉。
This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.
12、必須注意的問題
（1）關(guān)系詞作主語時(shí)，從句中謂語的數(shù)。
（2）注意區(qū)別定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
①定語從句中關(guān)系詞作從句成分，復(fù)合句。
②強(qiáng)調(diào)it無意義，that / who不是引導(dǎo)詞。
③強(qiáng)調(diào)it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思講得通則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，講不通則不是。
It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定語從句)
It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）
（3）定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。
①定語從句引導(dǎo)詞被稱為關(guān)系詞，that充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語。有時(shí)可省略。
②同位語從句引導(dǎo)詞被叫做連詞，that不能充當(dāng)任何成分，不可省。
Word came that their army was defeated.(同位語)
We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定語)
（4）關(guān)系詞在從句中省略的情況。
①關(guān)系詞作賓語，前無介詞時(shí)。
②關(guān)系詞作表語。
（5）限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的翻譯。
（6）關(guān)系詞前有介詞或復(fù)雜介詞，關(guān)系詞只能是which和whom。
（7）幾個(gè)特殊的定語從句句型：
①He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks
in the match.（句中one為先行詞）
He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（句中students為先行詞）
②Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?
Is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday ?
③He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.
④It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.
二、精典名題導(dǎo)解
選擇填空
1. The film brought the hours back to me _________ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.（NMET 2001）
A.until B.that C.when D.where
解析：答案為C。本題考查分隔定語從句的關(guān)系詞的選擇。作好本題的關(guān)鍵是要能辨認(rèn)出該定語從句的先行詞the hours和關(guān)系詞被介詞短語to me所分隔。定語從句的先行詞是表時(shí)間的名詞hours, 并且關(guān)系詞在從句中用作狀語，故應(yīng)選擇表示時(shí)間的關(guān)系副詞when。
2. ___________ is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month.(NMET 2001)
A.It B.As C.That D.What
解析：答案為B。本題考查as引導(dǎo)的非限制定語從句。as作“正如……”解時(shí)，引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句來修飾整個(gè)句子。當(dāng)as在從句中作主語時(shí)，常用于下列短語：as is known、as is said、as is reported、as is announced等。要注意掌握作關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的用法。
3. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ___________ he grew up as a child.(NMET 1996)
A.which B.where C.that D.when
解析：答案為B。本題考查限制性定語從句中關(guān)系詞的選擇。定語從句的先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞短語the small town, 且關(guān)系詞不作定語從句中的主語和賓語而作地點(diǎn)狀語，因此定語從句必須用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。要注意分清先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑缓筮x擇適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞。
三、專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練
1. Is there anything else______you want to say?
A.which B.that C.it D.who
2. The last place______we visited was the Palace Museum.
A.where B.which C.that D.what
3. The railway tunnel,through______the train goes,will be completed soon.
A.which B.it C.whom D.that
4. Next month,______you'll be in yor hometown,is coming.
A.which B.that C.when D.where
5. He wanted to know the time______he needed to know.
A.when B.that C.where D.what
6. John got beaten in the game,______had been expecte D.
A.that B.what C.who D.as
7. I don't know the reason______he didn't come this morning.
A.which B.for what C.which D.that
8. This is one of the best books______this year.
A.have been published B.that have published
C.that have been published D.which has been published
9. I'll never forget the day______I received your invitation.
A.in which B.on that C.when D.which
10. The plane______she was travelling was delayed by the rain.
A.which B.on which C.for which D.where
11. I want to buy such a dictionary______he is using.
A.that B.which C.as D.what
12. When you read the book,you'd better make a mark______you have any questions.
A.at which B.the place where C.at where D.where
13. In his will,the old man offered everything______he had to the country.
A.that B.what C.whatever D.which
14. All______is needed is a supply of oil.
A.the thing B.that C.what D.which
15. The weather turned out to be very good,______was more than we could expect.
A.what B.that C.which D.if
16. The only language______is easy to learn is the mother tongue.
A.which B.whose C.if D.that
17. Is this the museum______they visited last month?
A.the one B.when C.where D.which
18. You may see any film______this afternoon.
A.that you interest B.that interests you
C.which you are interested D.which interests you
19. In this strange city,there wasn't single person______she could turn for help.
A.who B.from whom C.to whom D.that
20. He paid the boy 50 yuan for washing cups,most of______had not been cleaned for at least two weeks.
A.these B.those C.that D.which
21. I don't like______you speak to your father.
A.the way B.the way in that C.the way which D.the way of which
22. The most important thing______we should pay attention to is the first thing______I have sai D.
A.which;that B.that;which C.which;which D.that;that
23. Father made a promise______I passed the exam he would buy me a bicycle.
A.if B.whether C.which D.that
24. Tom is the only one of the students______praised yesterday.
A.that were B.who was C.that is D.who were
25. -Who is it______has just come?
-It's John.
A.that B.who C.which D.what
26. This is the method______he solved the problem.
A.which B.that C.by which D.by that
27. “It is the college______your father studied when he was young,”said the mother pointing at a picture.
A.which B.that C.不填 D.where
28. There are 50 students in his class,______Peter is the most diligent.
A.of which B.among whom C.where D.in that
29. he invited me to dinner last Monday,______was very nice of him.
A.which B.it C.they D.this
30. This is our school library,in front of______there are some tall trees.
A.that B.what C.which D.it
31. This is the very man______spoke at the meeting this morning,______came from America.
A.who;that B.whom;whom C.that;who D.that;that
32. The dress______is blue belongs to Li Ping.
A.who's colour B.the colour of which
C.its colour D.the colour of whose
33. He is the only one of the people here______Japanese.
A.who know B.that speak C.who knew D.who speaks
34. He imagined various ways______he could teach her a lesson.
A.in which B.by which C.by what D.in what
35. His father studied hard at school when he was young,______led to his success in his life.
A.what B.that C.which D.so that
36. There were two small rooms in the beach home,______served as a kitchen.
A.the smallest of which B.the smaller of which
C.the smaller of them D.smallest of that
37. The temperature______ice changes to water is 0℃.
A.at where B.on which C.in which D.at which
38. Shakespeare is the greatest poet______England has ever ha D.
A.who B.whom C.不填 D.in
39. This is the man______.
A.I referred to B.who I referred to
C.whom I referred D.that I referred to
40. This test is for students______native language is not English.
A.that B.whose C.of whom D.which
參考答案
1-10 BCACB DACCB 11-20 CDABC DABCD
21-30 ADDBA CDBAC 31-40 CBDAC BDCAB